Competitive Learning in Biological and
نویسندگان
چکیده
Following a brief discussion of 'classical' competitive learning and of approaches that involve mixtures of experts, we concentrate on competitive learning guided by temporal structure present in the stimuli. In this context, we suggest a general principle for resource allocation and memory management, which may be able to account for a range of psychophysical and neurophysiological ndings. 1 Biological evidence for competition in representation Learning { modiication of performance precipitated by prior experience { is commonplace in biological information processing, and, in particular, in human perception 1, 2]. Although mere repeated exposure normally leads to a degradation of the perceptual capacity (e.g., the detection threshold in grating adaptation 3]), the performance invariably improves when the subject is required to discriminate among several stimuli. In this note, we concentrate on a particularly important aspect of the learning process, which underlies many perceptual and cognitive phenomena: competition among various functional units that contribute to the solution of the task at hand. In biological perceptual systems, the tuned response properties and the distributed nature of the representational substrate instigate competition among the participating functional units. One kind of behavioral evidence in support of the existence of tuned units is provided by the speciicity of improvement in typical learning situations to the given task and stimulus. The speciicity of learning is pervasive: in vision, it occurs in the entire range of tasks from intensity grating discrimination 4] to face recognition 5]. In some cases, stimulus-speciic learning has been shown to lead to a degradation of performance on a diierent range of stimuli in the same task. For example, the lowering of vertical vernier detection threshold with practice transfers neither to horizontal verniers,
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